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Piano Quartet
by
Joaquín Turina
Joaquín Turina Pérez was
born in Sevilla, Spain, on December 9, 1882, into a comfortable
middle-class family. Turina grew up in an artistic environment and at the
age of four was given an accordion, which he learned to play quickly and
with skill. In 1894 he began his formal studies of harmony, theory, and
counterpoint. Almost immediately he began to compose small pieces. His
performance debut on March 14, 1897, set him on the road to become a
full-fledged performer. In 1902 he moved to Madrid, where he met Manuel de
Falla and was further influenced by the prevailing currents of musical
nationalism. He quickly became involved in the musical scene there and saw
the premier of his Zarzuela, "La sulamita." In 1905 he, like most
other Spanish composers of the time, went to Paris. He studied piano with
Moszkowsky and theory under Vicent d’Indy in the Schola Cantorum
and became good friends with Albeniz, who encouraged him to find
inspiration in the popular music of Spain and Andalucía. After returning
to Madrid in 1914, he divided his time between composing, teaching, and
performing, in spite of the difficulties he and many others of his
background encountered during the days of the republic. Turina died on
January 14, 1949, in Madrid.
Notes adapted from
Mac McClure's
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Piano Quartet in E Flat Major, Op. 47
by Robert Schumann
I.
Sostenuto assai; Allegro ma non troppo
II.
Scherzo: Molto vivace
III.
Andante cantabile
IV.
Finale: Vivace
Schumann was born in Zwickau,
Germany on June 8, 1810 and died on
July 29, 1856 in Endenich, Germany. He
began writing this quartet at the end of October 1842 for Count Matvei
Wielhorsky, an amateur but very accomplished cellist, judging from the
difficulty of the cello part and its prominence throughout. The quartet
may be said to look back to the eighteenth century practice of dedicating
music to aristocrats for their use and in the hope of receiving money or a
gift in appreciation. But in most other ways, this piano quartet is a
product of the nineteenth century; it is a lush, Romantic, impassioned
work, fully committed to the expression of the composer’s most intimate
thoughts and feelings. He
completed writing the piece in a couple of weeks, bringing to a close his
amazing burst of chamber music activity that started in June of that same
year. It’s well-received premiere was given in Leipzig on December 8,
1844, by Ferdinand David on violin, Niels W. Gade on viola, Count Wielhorsky on cello,
and Clara Schumann on piano.
Notes
adapted from Melvin Berger's Guide to Chamber Music.
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